What is the definition of perfusion in the context of the cardiovascular system?

Perfusion in the context of the cardiovascular system refers to the process by which blood is delivered to the tissues of the body, ensuring that they receive an adequate supply of oxygenated blood. This is crucial for cellular metabolism, as tissues depend on oxygen and nutrients carried by the blood to function properly. Adequate perfusion is key in maintaining homeostasis, and any impairment can lead to tissue hypoxia and damage.

The other choices do not accurately represent the concept of perfusion. While increasing heart rate during exercise can enhance blood flow, it is not specifically a definition of perfusion. The efficiency of gas exchange in the lungs pertains to oxygen and carbon dioxide transfer, which is a different process from perfusion. Lastly, the speed of blood flow through major arteries relates to hemodynamics and blood velocity, which again does not capture the broader meaning of perfusion, which emphasizes the distribution of blood to tissues rather than the rate at which it flows.